Stratum V2 Noise Protocol: Mining Privacy Explained
Stratum V2 uses the Noise Protocol Framework to encrypt miner-pool traffic, blocking eavesdroppers and share tampering. The mechanism, plainly broken down.
№ 002MiningProof-of-Work Block Withholding Attacks Explained
A block withholding attacker drains a mining pool's revenue while submitting clean shares. The mechanics, the math, and why detection takes months.
№ 003BitcoinBitcoin Anchor Outputs: Fee Bumping Presigned Transactions
Anchor outputs let channel parties bump fees on presigned Bitcoin transactions at broadcast time, the mechanism, the carve-out policy, and its real limits.
№ 004BitcoinBitcoin UTXO Set Growth and the Cost of Pruned Nodes
The UTXO set grows with every block and pruning cannot touch it. A look at the mechanics, the real numbers, and the long-term cost for node operators.
№ 005BitcoinBitcoin Median Time Past: Block Timestamp Manipulation
Median Time Past prevents miners from faking Bitcoin block timestamps. The exact mechanic, its real limits, and what a 15% miner actually controls.
№ 006BitcoinBitcoin Sighash Preimage: Input Values and Fee Theft
BIP143 bakes input values into the sighash preimage, making fee-theft via value misrepresentation cryptographically impossible. Mechanism and worked example.
№ 007BitcoinBitcoin Miniscript Satisfier Algorithm Explained
Miniscript's satisfier finds the cheapest non-malleable witness across all valid spending paths. Worked example, malleability rules, and fee impact.
№ 008BitcoinBitcoin Miniscript: Catching Unsatisfiable Script Branches
Miniscript's compiler flags dead spending branches before funds move, a static analysis walkthrough showing exactly how the rejection mechanism works.
№ 009BitcoinTaproot's Fix for Bitcoin Witness Malleability
Taproot commits every spending script into the output's public key at creation, closing the script-substitution gap SegWit left open.
№ 010BitcoinBitcoin's assumevalid and Pruned Nodes Explained
How Bitcoin's assumevalid parameter and pruned node sync work together, what they skip, and what that means for historical audit depth.
№ 011BitcoinBitcoin Sighash Types and Multisig Malleability Resistance
Sighash type selection determines which transaction fields a signature actually commits to, and which fields remain open to mutation. The mechanism, precisely.
№ 012EthereumEthereum Weak Subjectivity Period Explained
When validator churn outpaces protocol assumptions, Ethereum's weak subjectivity window shrinks, and your node won't warn you. The exact mechanic, examined.