Stratum V2 Noise Protocol: Mining Privacy Explained
Stratum V2 uses the Noise Protocol Framework to encrypt miner-pool traffic, blocking eavesdroppers and share tampering. The mechanism, plainly broken down.
№ 002MiningProof-of-Work Block Withholding Attacks Explained
A block withholding attacker drains a mining pool's revenue while submitting clean shares. The mechanics, the math, and why detection takes months.
№ 003MiningBitcoin Nonce Exhaustion and the Extra Nonce Fix
Modern ASICs exhaust Bitcoin's 32-bit nonce in under a millisecond. The coinbase extra nonce keeps the search running, and shapes pool architecture.
№ 004BitcoinBitcoin UTXO Set Growth and the Cost of Pruned Nodes
The UTXO set grows with every block and pruning cannot touch it. A look at the mechanics, the real numbers, and the long-term cost for node operators.
№ 005BitcoinBitcoin Median Time Past: Block Timestamp Manipulation
Median Time Past prevents miners from faking Bitcoin block timestamps. The exact mechanic, its real limits, and what a 15% miner actually controls.
№ 006BitcoinBitcoin Compact Blocks and Mempool Divergence Explained
Compact block reconstruction stalls when mempools diverge. This piece traces the exact failure cascade, the 85% overlap threshold, and what miners do about it.
№ 007EthereumMEV and Validator Economics in Ethereum's Builder Market
How miner extractable value reshapes validator revenue when block builders control proposal rights, mechanics, numbers, and what most miss.
№ 008MiningBitcoin Nonce Exhaustion and Extra-Nonce Mining Explained
Bitcoin's 32-bit nonce space runs dry in under a second. Miners extend the search through the coinbase extra-nonce, the exact mechanism, worked through.
№ 009BitcoinBitcoin's Dust Limit: How the 546-Sat Threshold Works
Bitcoin's dust limit is derived from relay fees and input byte sizes, not policy preference. The exact arithmetic behind 546, 294, and 330 satoshis, explained.
№ 010BitcoinBitcoin's assumevalid and Pruned Nodes Explained
How Bitcoin's assumevalid parameter and pruned node sync work together, what they skip, and what that means for historical audit depth.
№ 011BitcoinBitcoin Mempool Eviction: When Low-Fee Txs Disappear
Bitcoin's mempool purges low-fee transactions during fee spikes, a deliberate mechanism every sender should understand before broadcasting.
№ 012BitcoinBitcoin AssumeValid and IBD Security Explained
AssumeValid skips signature checks during Bitcoin's initial sync, the mechanics, the real risks, and what malicious peers can and cannot do.