Bitcoin Transaction Pinning and Lightning Force-Closes
Transaction pinning can trap Lightning Network force-closes at uncompetitive fee rates, burning timelocks. The mechanics, the stakes, and the fixes in progress.
№ 002DeFiMEV: Public Mempools vs Private Transaction Relays
Your transaction's route, public mempool or private relay, determines who can extract value from it and how much. The mechanics, the tradeoffs, the gaps.
№ 003BitcoinBitcoin Mempool Replacement Policies Explained
Bitcoin nodes apply different replacement rules to the same transaction. The mechanics, tradeoffs, and practical fixes for a stuck or rejected bump.
№ 004MiningBitcoin Block Template Construction Explained
How miners pick which transactions fill a block, why fee rate alone doesn't decide it, and what dependency graphs actually do to your wait time.
№ 005BitcoinBitcoin Anti-Fee-Sniping: Mechanism and Miner Incentives
Anti-fee-sniping uses nLocktime to make block reorgs unprofitable. Learn the exact mechanism, the privacy tradeoff, and why it matters more each halving.
№ 006BitcoinBitcoin Replace-by-Fee: Why Merchants and Devs Clash
Replace-by-Fee lets senders bump stuck transactions, but it breaks zero-confirmation payments. Here's the real mechanic behind the tension.
№ 007BitcoinWhy High Bitcoin Fees Don't Always Mean Faster Confirmation
A higher fee doesn't guarantee a faster Bitcoin confirmation. Here's the exact mechanics of mempool prioritisation, and where the logic breaks down.
№ 008BitcoinHow Mempool Congestion Spreads Across Node Clusters
Mempool congestion doesn't hit all nodes at once. Here's how geographic propagation works and why your fee estimate can lag reality by minutes.