№ 001Ethereum

Ethereum's Gasper Consensus: Checkpoint Finality Explained

Gasper pairs LMD-GHOST with Casper FFG to finalize Ethereum blocks. The checkpoint math, the two-thirds threshold, and what irreversibility actually costs.

Ethan Caldwell7 min read / 14.08.2026

№ 002Ethereum

Ethereum's Gasper Consensus: Block Finality Explained

Gasper requires two-thirds of staked ETH to justify a checkpoint before finalizing it. The exact mechanic, the numbers, and the tradeoffs.

Lucas Harper5 min read / 10.08.2026

№ 003Analysis

Finality Reversion vs. Reorganization in Proof-of-Stake

A finality reversion breaks a cryptographic guarantee; a reorg is a race condition. The difference determines whether settlement is statistical or binding.

Sophia Bennett4 min read / 02.07.2026

№ 004Ethereum

Ethereum Proof-of-Stake Finality Explained

Ethereum's PoS finality isn't instant. Here's the exact two-epoch mechanic that determines when a block is truly safe to treat as settled.

Ethan Caldwell5 min read / 13.06.2026