Bitcoin Nonce Exhaustion and the Extra Nonce Fix
Modern ASICs exhaust Bitcoin's 32-bit nonce in under a millisecond. The coinbase extra nonce keeps the search running, and shapes pool architecture.
№ 002MiningBitcoin Nonce Exhaustion: How Miners Roll Timestamps
A single ASIC sweeps Bitcoin's 4-billion nonce space in 0.00003 seconds. The timestamp field and ExtraNonce are what keep the search running.