Ethereum Blob Fee Market: When Rollups Go Silent
When rollup sequencers pause at once, EIP-4844's blob fee market doesn't freeze, it craters, then whipsaws. Here's exactly how the mechanics play out.
№ 002BitcoinBitcoin Taproot Scriptpath Spending: What the Chain Reveals
Scriptpath spending exposes your Merkle tree depth to every node operator. The mechanics, the fingerprinting risk, and what wallet developers are missing.
№ 003EthereumEthereum Validator Consolidation: Solo vs Pool Staking
EIP-7251 raises the effective balance ceiling to 2,048 ETH per validator, reshaping costs, compounding, and the competitive gap between solo stakers and pools.
№ 004BitcoinTaproot On-Chain: Keypath vs Scriptpath Spending
A Taproot output looks uniform until it's spent. The witness field reveals exactly which path was taken, and how much it exposes about your setup.
№ 005BitcoinBitcoin Miniscript Satisfier Algorithm Explained
Miniscript's satisfier finds the cheapest non-malleable witness across all valid spending paths. Worked example, malleability rules, and fee impact.
№ 006BitcoinBitcoin's assumevalid and Pruned Nodes Explained
How Bitcoin's assumevalid parameter and pruned node sync work together, what they skip, and what that means for historical audit depth.
№ 007BitcoinBitcoin Taproot Key Path Spending and Script Privacy
Taproot key path spending makes complex Bitcoin contracts indistinguishable from simple payments. The mechanism, the limits, and why adoption breadth matters.
№ 008BitcoinBitcoin Script Minimal Push Encoding Rules Explained
Bitcoin's script interpreter rejects non-minimal push opcodes silently. The exact rule, the malleability problem it solves, and where developers go wrong.
№ 009BitcoinBitcoin AssumeValid and IBD Security Explained
AssumeValid skips signature checks during Bitcoin's initial sync, the mechanics, the real risks, and what malicious peers can and cannot do.
№ 010BitcoinBitcoin Erlay: Set Reconciliation Explained
Erlay replaces Bitcoin's flood-based INV announcements with set reconciliation, cutting transaction bandwidth roughly 40% without sacrificing propagation speed.
№ 011BitcoinBitcoin's assumevalid: Script Skipping Explained
Bitcoin Core's assumevalid parameter cuts initial sync from days to hours by skipping old script checks, while still verifying proof-of-work and every UTXO.
№ 012BitcoinBitcoin's Quadratic Hashing Bug: SegWit's Fix Explained
Bitcoin's sighash algorithm scaled as N² with input count, creating a live attack vector. The mechanics, the 2015 megatransaction, and how BIP143 closed it.