How SegWit Changed Bitcoin Transaction ID Calculation
SegWit didn't just shrink fees. It fixed a subtle flaw in how Bitcoin transaction IDs are built. Here's the exact mechanism, explained clearly.
№ 074MiningHash Rate Distribution and Bitcoin Censorship Resistance
How mining pool concentration quietly shapes Bitcoin's ability to resist transaction censorship — and what the numbers actually mean for the network.
№ 075SecuritySybil Attacks on Nakamoto Consensus: The Real Cost
Why flooding a proof-of-work network with fake identities doesn't work: the economic mechanics that make Sybil attacks prohibitively expensive.
№ 076AnalysisProof-of-Stake Slashing Conditions: Ethereum vs Competitors
Slashing rules vary wildly across PoS networks. Here's how Ethereum, Cosmos, Polkadot and Solana handle validator penalties and why the differences matter.
№ 077BitcoinHow Bitcoin's UTXO Model Prevents Double Spending
Bitcoin stops double spending without a bank using unspent transaction outputs. Here's the exact mechanism, with a worked example.
№ 078BitcoinHow Hash Functions Prevent Bitcoin Block Malleability
Cryptographic hash functions lock every Bitcoin block into place. Here's the exact mechanism that makes retroactive tampering computationally absurd.
№ 079BitcoinHow Taproot Changed Bitcoin Multisig's On-Chain Footprint
Taproot made complex Bitcoin multisig wallets look identical to single-sig on-chain. Here's the exact mechanism, the tradeoffs, and what it means for privacy.
№ 080SecurityWhy Smart Contract Audits Miss Reentrancy Bugs
Single-function reentrancy is well-understood. Cross-function and cross-contract variants still slip through audits. Here's exactly why, and how.
№ 081DeFiHow Decentralized Oracles Reach Consensus Explained
Decentralized oracles solve the blockchain data problem without recreating centralized trust. Here's the exact mechanism, with numbers.
№ 082EthereumEthereum Beacon Chain Validator Slashing Explained
How Ethereum's Beacon Chain detects and punishes equivocation: the mechanics of slashing, whistleblower rewards, and the correlation penalty explained clearly.
№ 083RegulationDeFi Compliance Faces a Reckoning on Two Fronts
A $1.34M Raydium exploit and Botanix's layer-2 shutdown show DeFi's compliance and security gaps colliding with thin demand. What regulators watch next.
№ 084MiningWhy Miners Sometimes Orphan Their Own Blocks
Proof-of-work miners occasionally discard valid blocks they just mined. Here's the exact mechanic, why it happens, and what it reveals about mining incentives.