Bitcoin Compact Blocks and Mempool Divergence Explained
Compact block reconstruction stalls when mempools diverge. This piece traces the exact failure cascade, the 85% overlap threshold, and what miners do about it.
№ 026BitcoinBitcoin Miniscript: Catching Unsatisfiable Script Branches
Miniscript's compiler flags dead spending branches before funds move, a static analysis walkthrough showing exactly how the rejection mechanism works.
№ 027BitcoinTaproot's Fix for Bitcoin Witness Malleability
Taproot commits every spending script into the output's public key at creation, closing the script-substitution gap SegWit left open.
№ 028EthereumEthereum Proposer-Builder Separation: PBS Explained
PBS splits block construction from proposal on Ethereum, compressing MEV yield gaps between solo stakers and large pools while shifting power to builders.
№ 029EthereumEthereum Attestation Inclusion Delay Reward Explained
Ethereum pays validators proportionally for how fast their attestations land on-chain. The mechanic, the tradeoffs, and what it signals about network health.
№ 030EthereumMEV and Validator Economics in Ethereum's Builder Market
How miner extractable value reshapes validator revenue when block builders control proposal rights, mechanics, numbers, and what most miss.
№ 031MiningBitcoin Nonce Exhaustion and Extra-Nonce Mining Explained
Bitcoin's 32-bit nonce space runs dry in under a second. Miners extend the search through the coinbase extra-nonce, the exact mechanism, worked through.
№ 032BitcoinBitcoin's Dust Limit: How the 546-Sat Threshold Works
Bitcoin's dust limit is derived from relay fees and input byte sizes, not policy preference. The exact arithmetic behind 546, 294, and 330 satoshis, explained.
№ 033EthereumEthereum's Gasper Consensus: Checkpoint Finality Explained
Gasper pairs LMD-GHOST with Casper FFG to finalize Ethereum blocks. The checkpoint math, the two-thirds threshold, and what irreversibility actually costs.
№ 034BitcoinBitcoin's assumevalid and Pruned Nodes Explained
How Bitcoin's assumevalid parameter and pruned node sync work together, what they skip, and what that means for historical audit depth.
№ 035BitcoinBitcoin Sighash Types and Multisig Malleability Resistance
Sighash type selection determines which transaction fields a signature actually commits to, and which fields remain open to mutation. The mechanism, precisely.
№ 036BitcoinBitcoin Taproot Internal Key Commitment Explained
Taproot's internal key commitment binds script paths at construction, making retroactive invention mathematically impossible. The precise mechanism, examined.