Bug vs Attack Chain Reorganizations: Key Differences
Chain reorgs look identical on the surface. Here's how engineers and analysts tell a bug apart from a deliberate attack, and why it matters.
№ 014BitcoinBitcoin's Coinbase Maturity Rule Explained
Bitcoin forces miners to wait 100 blocks before spending a block reward. Here's the exact mechanic, why it exists, and what it prevents.
№ 015BitcoinHow Bitcoin's UTXO Model Prevents Double Spending
Bitcoin stops double spending without a bank using unspent transaction outputs. Here's the exact mechanism, with a worked example.
№ 016MiningBitcoin's Difficulty Adjustment: Why Two Weeks?
Bitcoin recalibrates mining difficulty every 2,016 blocks. Here's the exact mechanic, why Satoshi picked that window, and what it means in practice.