Ethereum's Gasper Consensus: Checkpoint Finality Explained
Gasper pairs LMD-GHOST with Casper FFG to finalize Ethereum blocks. The checkpoint math, the two-thirds threshold, and what irreversibility actually costs.
№ 002EthereumEthereum's Gasper Consensus: Block Finality Explained
Gasper requires two-thirds of staked ETH to justify a checkpoint before finalizing it. The exact mechanic, the numbers, and the tradeoffs.
№ 003EthereumEthereum Proof-of-Stake Finality Explained
Ethereum's PoS finality isn't instant. Here's the exact two-epoch mechanic that determines when a block is truly safe to treat as settled.