Ethereum's Blob Fee Market, Explained
Ethereum runs two separate fee markets simultaneously. Blob fees and base fees move independently, and that split is what keeps rollup costs low.
№ 062EthereumEthereum Validator Inactivity Leaks Explained
Inactivity leaks drain ETH stake gradually by design. The math is specific, the tradeoffs are real, and every serious validator operator should understand both.
№ 063EthereumEthereum Snap Sync: State Verification Without Full History
Snap sync lets Ethereum nodes verify current state without replaying every transaction, exact mechanism, security trade-offs, and a worked example included.
№ 064EthereumLayer-Two Networks and Ethereum Security Inheritance
Not every L2 borrows Ethereum's security guarantees, the mechanical gap between those that do and those that only borrow its liquidity, explained.
№ 065EthereumEthereum Transaction Reverts: Mechanics and Gas Costs
State rolls back cleanly on a revert, but gas does not. A precise breakdown of what the EVM discards, what it keeps, and who collects the fee.
№ 066EthereumDecentralized Sequencers and Optimistic Rollup Trust
One company controls transaction ordering on most rollups today. Decentralized sequencers redistribute that power, and introduce tradeoffs worth understanding.
№ 067EthereumWhy Gas Estimation Undercounts Smart Contract Costs
Gas estimation fails in predictable ways. Learn the exact mechanics behind undercounts, from storage slots to dynamic calls, with a worked example.
№ 068EthereumEthereum Calldata Compression and Layer-2 Costs
Calldata compression cuts what rollups pay to settle on Ethereum, and still matters after EIP-4844. Mechanism, numbers, and the blob fee crossover explained.
№ 069EthereumEthereum's Sync Committee: Light Client Verification
512 validators, BLS aggregation, and rotating handoffs let Ethereum light clients verify the chain head themselves, no full node, no trusted server required.
№ 070EthereumEthereum History Expiry: Decentralization vs Practicality
Ethereum's history expiry proposals would shrink node storage dramatically, and shift who bears the burden of keeping the chain's memory intact.
№ 071EthereumEVM Object Format: Code and Data, Finally Separated
EOF gives Ethereum's bytecode a defined header, typed sections, and deploy-time validation. What the mechanics change, and what they don't.
№ 072EthereumValidator Client Diversity and Ethereum Safety
A majority-client bug can finalize a bad block permanently, understand why the validator layer carries more systemic risk than the execution layer.