Bitcoin Anchor Outputs: Fee Bumping Presigned Transactions
Anchor outputs let channel parties bump fees on presigned Bitcoin transactions at broadcast time, the mechanism, the carve-out policy, and its real limits.
№ 002BitcoinBitcoin UTXO Set Growth and the Cost of Pruned Nodes
The UTXO set grows with every block and pruning cannot touch it. A look at the mechanics, the real numbers, and the long-term cost for node operators.
№ 003BitcoinBitcoin Median Time Past: Block Timestamp Manipulation
Median Time Past prevents miners from faking Bitcoin block timestamps. The exact mechanic, its real limits, and what a 15% miner actually controls.
№ 004BitcoinBitcoin Sighash Preimage: Input Values and Fee Theft
BIP143 bakes input values into the sighash preimage, making fee-theft via value misrepresentation cryptographically impossible. Mechanism and worked example.
№ 005BitcoinBitcoin Miniscript Satisfier Algorithm Explained
Miniscript's satisfier finds the cheapest non-malleable witness across all valid spending paths. Worked example, malleability rules, and fee impact.
№ 006BitcoinBitcoin Miniscript: Catching Unsatisfiable Script Branches
Miniscript's compiler flags dead spending branches before funds move, a static analysis walkthrough showing exactly how the rejection mechanism works.
№ 007BitcoinTaproot's Fix for Bitcoin Witness Malleability
Taproot commits every spending script into the output's public key at creation, closing the script-substitution gap SegWit left open.
№ 008BitcoinBitcoin's assumevalid and Pruned Nodes Explained
How Bitcoin's assumevalid parameter and pruned node sync work together, what they skip, and what that means for historical audit depth.
№ 009BitcoinBitcoin Sighash Types and Multisig Malleability Resistance
Sighash type selection determines which transaction fields a signature actually commits to, and which fields remain open to mutation. The mechanism, precisely.
№ 010BitcoinBitcoin Script Minimal Push Encoding Rules Explained
Bitcoin's script interpreter rejects non-minimal push opcodes silently. The exact rule, the malleability problem it solves, and where developers go wrong.
№ 011BitcoinBitcoin AssumeValid and IBD Security Explained
AssumeValid skips signature checks during Bitcoin's initial sync, the mechanics, the real risks, and what malicious peers can and cannot do.
№ 012BitcoinBitcoin's Median Time Past Rule Explained
Miners set their own block timestamps. Bitcoin's Median Time Past rule is why that doesn't let them unlock CLTV-protected coins early, the mechanic, precisely.