Bitcoin Weight Units and SegWit Fee Rates Explained
Weight units split transactions into base and witness data, priced at 4:1. The math behind sat/vB, vbytes, and why SegWit inputs cost ~40% less.
№ 026BitcoinBitcoin's Median Time Past Rule Explained
Miners set their own block timestamps. Bitcoin's Median Time Past rule is why that doesn't let them unlock CLTV-protected coins early, the mechanic, precisely.
№ 027BitcoinBitcoin Erlay vs INV Relay: Propagation Compared
Erlay swaps Bitcoin's INV flood for set reconciliation via PinSketch, cutting relay bandwidth ~40%. The mechanism, the math, and the real tradeoffs.
№ 028BitcoinBitcoin Fee Estimation: How Wallets Diverge Under Congestion
Same mempool, two wallets, wildly different fee suggestions. The mechanics of Bitcoin fee estimation algorithms, and why they split under congestion.
№ 029BitcoinBitcoin Script Clean Stack Rules in Tapscript
How Bitcoin's clean stack rule works after Tapscript execution, why it differs from legacy Script, and what it means for spending conditions.
№ 030BitcoinBitcoin Erlay: Set Reconciliation Explained
Erlay replaces Bitcoin's flood-based INV announcements with set reconciliation, cutting transaction bandwidth roughly 40% without sacrificing propagation speed.
№ 031BitcoinBitcoin Timelocks: Absolute vs Relative Lock Mechanisms
OP_CLTV and OP_CSV enforce time against different clocks. Conflating them breaks scripts at consensus level, here is the exact distinction.
№ 032BitcoinBitcoin Signet Custom Challenge: Private Consensus Rules
Bitcoin's signetchallenge parameter lets developers run a fully controlled private test network. The mechanism, its real limits, and how to spin one up.
№ 033BitcoinBitcoin CTV: Trustless Payment Pools Explained
CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY lets Bitcoin users build trustless payment pools without custodians, the exact mechanic, with a worked three-party example.
№ 034BitcoinBitcoin Replace-by-Fee: Full vs Opt-In Rules Explained
Full RBF and opt-in RBF operate differently at the node level, concrete mechanics, fee-rate thresholds, and what miners actually receive in their mempools.
№ 035BitcoinBitcoin Drivechain: Miner-Secured Sidechain Withdrawals
Drivechain repurposes Bitcoin miners as sidechain withdrawal referees, exact mechanism, real tradeoffs, and what critics in the BIP threads actually argue.
№ 036BitcoinBitcoin Sighash Flags: What Signatures Actually Commit To
Bitcoin sighash flags control exactly which transaction fields a signature binds to, understanding them separates safe wallet code from exploitable wallet code.