How Optimistic Rollups Detect Fraud On-Chain
Optimistic rollups skip verifying every transaction. Here's the exact mechanism that catches cheaters anyway, with a worked example.
№ 050RegulationCustodial vs Non-Custodial Staking: Regulatory Differences
Who holds the keys determines who holds the liability. Here's how regulators actually draw the line between custodial and non-custodial staking.
№ 051DeFiHow DAOs Handle Contradictory Governance Proposals
When a DAO vote conflicts with a previous decision, what actually happens? A precise look at the mechanisms, failure cases, and real trade-offs.
№ 052DeFiWhy Atomic Swaps Need HTLCs: Bitcoin and Ethereum
Atomic swaps between Bitcoin and Ethereum only work because of hashed timelock contracts. Here's the exact mechanism, with a concrete example.
№ 053EthereumEthereum Account Abstraction: Smart Contract Wallet Security
Account abstraction rewrites Ethereum's security model for wallets. Here's what actually changes, what improves, and what new risks quietly appear.
№ 054RegulationSEC Rule 611 Repeal: A Boon for Tokenized Stocks
The SEC's plan to scrap Rule 611 could clear the biggest legal hurdle for tokenized US stocks trading in DeFi. What changes, and what to watch.
№ 055EthereumEthereum Proof-of-Stake Finality Explained
Ethereum's PoS finality isn't instant. Here's the exact two-epoch mechanic that determines when a block is truly safe to treat as settled.
№ 056DeFiHow Decentralized Stablecoins Hold Their Peg
No bank, no dollar reserves. Here's the exact mechanism decentralized stablecoins use to stay at $1, with a worked example of what breaks the peg.
№ 057EthereumWhy Some Ethereum Smart Contracts Can't Be Upgraded
Proxy patterns let developers upgrade smart contracts, but certain design choices make upgrading impossible. Here's exactly why, with concrete mechanics.
№ 058DeFiCascading Liquidations in DeFi: How They Work
When collateral prices fall, DeFi protocols can trigger a chain of forced sales. Here's the exact mechanism that turns a dip into a cascade.
№ 059EthereumWhy Layer-2 Rollups Post Calldata to Ethereum
Rollups don't store state on Ethereum — they post calldata. Here's exactly why that choice saves 10-100x in gas and what it actually guarantees.
№ 060SecurityWhy Smart Contract Audits Miss Reentrancy Bugs
Single-function reentrancy is well-understood. Cross-function and cross-contract variants still slip through audits. Here's exactly why, and how.