Bitcoin Script Cannot Read External Data
Bitcoin Script is a sealed execution environment with no I/O. This piece traces the exact mechanism, the design reasoning, and what DLCs build around it.
№ 026MiningMiner Fee Sniping: The Risk That Grows With Each Halving
Bitcoin's block subsidy suppresses fee sniping today. As it declines toward zero across successive halvings, the incentive math shifts, and the stakes rise.
№ 027SecurityBitcoin Script Stack Evaluation: Order Creates Bugs
Bitcoin Script's stack-based execution order produces subtle, costly bugs in complex spending conditions, mechanics and a worked example examined.
№ 028BitcoinBitcoin Mempool Replacement Policies Explained
Bitcoin nodes apply different replacement rules to the same transaction. The mechanics, tradeoffs, and practical fixes for a stuck or rejected bump.
№ 029MiningBitcoin Block Template Construction Explained
How miners pick which transactions fill a block, why fee rate alone doesn't decide it, and what dependency graphs actually do to your wait time.
№ 030BitcoinBitcoin Signet: Controlled Testing Without Testnet Chaos
Signet replaces proof-of-work with a signature check, giving Bitcoin developers stable block times and reproducible test conditions. The mechanism, examined.
№ 031MiningBitcoin Difficulty Epochs: Miner Strategy at the Boundary
Every 2,016 blocks, Bitcoin recalculates mining difficulty. That boundary reshapes miner behavior in the final stretch, the mechanics, the math, and the limits.
№ 032MiningMining Revenue Smoothing and Miner Behavior
Revenue smoothing products transfer difficulty risk from miners to counterparty desks, reshaping hashrate dynamics and who stays online through tough epochs.
№ 033BitcoinBitcoin's Unspendable Outputs and the Shrinking Float
Millions of BTC are locked in addresses no one controls. The supply effect is real; the estimates are murkier than most analysts admit.
№ 034BitcoinBitcoin Proof-of-Work: Why Blocks Cost Real Energy
Bitcoin's Hashcash mechanism forces miners to burn electricity to produce valid blocks. The energy expenditure is the security model, not a design flaw.
№ 035SecurityMerkle Mountain Ranges: Proof of Inclusion Explained
MMRs let blockchains prove data inclusion against a growing history without invalidating old proofs. The mechanic, the math, and the tradeoffs.
№ 036AnalysisEconomic Attacks: Proof-of-Stake vs Proof-of-Work
Attack costs in PoS and PoW differ mechanically, not just in scale. A precise breakdown of what attackers spend, risk, and lose in each model.